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【学名】Pterocarya stenoptera C.DC. 【英文名】China Wingnut 【别名】枰柳.麻柳树.水麻柳.小鸡树.枫柳.蜈蚣柳.平杨柳.燕子树.元宝树。 【科属】胡桃科(Juglandaceae),枫杨属。 【形态】落叶大乔木,高达30米,干皮灰褐色,幼时光滑,老时纵裂。具柄裸芽,密被锈毛。小枝灰色,有明显的皮孔且髓心片隔状。奇数羽状复叶,但顶叶常缺而呈偶数状,叶轴具翅和柔毛,小叶5-8对,无柄,长8-12厘米,宽2-3厘米,缘具细齿,叶背沿脉及脉腋有毛。雌雄同株异花,雄花葇荑花序状,雌花穗状。小坚果,两端具翅,花期5月,果熟9月。 【产地分布】为中国原产树种。栽培利用已有数百年的历史,现广泛分布于华北.华南各地,以河溪两岸最为常见。 生态习性：喜光性树种,不耐庇荫,但耐水湿.耐寒.耐旱。深根性,主.侧根均发达,以深厚肥沃的河床两岸生长良好。速生性,萌蘖能力强,对二氧化硫.氯气等抗性强,叶片有毒,鱼池四周不宜栽植。 园林用途：树冠广展,枝叶茂密,生长快速,根系发达,为河床两岸低洼湿地的良好绿化树种,既可以作为行道树,也可成片种植或孤植于草坪及坡地,均可形成一定景观。 【繁殖】以播种繁育为主,当年秋播出芽率较高,幼苗易生侧枝,应及时整形修剪,以保持良好的干形,春栽宜随起随栽,假植越冬新梢易受冻害且成活率低。 【其他用途】加工轻易,不耐腐,易翘曲,胶接.着色.油漆均好。木材色白质软,可作家具及火柴杆等。还可作核桃砧木。叶有毒,入药,能杀虫,含水杨酸.内酯.酚性成分；种子含脂肪油。 同属近似种： 湖北枫杨 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 附：入药资料： 【来源】胡桃科枫杨属植物枫杨Pterocarya stenoptera DC.,以枝及叶入药。夏秋采枝,晒干备用。叶多鲜用。 【性味归经】辛.苦,温。有小毒。该物种为中国植物图谱数据库收录的有毒植物,其毒性为叶.树皮有毒。 【功能主治】杀虫止痒,利尿消肿。叶：血吸虫病；外用治黄癣,脚癣。枝.叶捣烂可杀蛆虫.孑孓。 【用法用量】 2～3钱；外用适量,鲜叶捣烂敷或搽患处。 【摘录】《全国中草药汇编》 英文介绍: [formal name] Pterocarya Stenoptera C.DC. [English name] China Wingnut [alias] tree of tree of tree of willow of Ping willow, hemp of Ma Liushu, water, chickling, maple willow, centipede willow, smooth willow, swallow, a shoe-shaped gold or silver ingot used as money in feudal China. [division belong to] walnut division (Juglandaceae) , maple Yang Shu. [configuration] deciduous leaf large tree, be as high as 30 meters, do leather dust-colour, young days slips, laoshi slit. Have handle naked shoot, be become rusty closely wool. Rod gray, have heart of apparent marrow of leather Kong Ju piece separate state. Odd a shape compound leaf, but carry Xie Chang on the head to be short of and submit even form, foliaceous axis provides wing and fluff, flocculus 5-8 is right, without the handle, long 8-12 centimeter, wide 2-3 centimeter, the predestined relationship provides serration, the leaf carries edge arteries and veins and hairiness of armpit of arteries and veins on the back. Male and female is the same as flower of individual plant different, shape of inflorescence of male flower 葇 clearing the fields of weeds, shape of female flower spic. Nutlet, two end provide a wing, florescence May, fruit is ripe in September. [producing area distributings] produce a tree to plant formerly for China. Help advance somebody's career use the history that already had hundreds years, distributing extensively now each district of Yu Hua north, Hua Na, with river brook two sides most common. Zoology characteristics: Tree of sex happy light is planted, do not be able to bear or endure give shade, but be able to bear or endure water wet, cold-resistant, be able to bear or endure drought. Deep root sex, advocate, lateral root all develops, grow with deep and fecund riverbed two sides good. Fast natural disposition, bud Nie capability is strong, wait to 2 oxidation sulfur, chlorine fight a gender strong, blade is poisonous, should not be cultivated near piscine pool. Gardens utility: Crown of a tree is wide exhibit, branches and leaves is dense, grow fast, root system develops, for riverbed two sides low-lying the good afforest tree of wet ground is planted, can regard trade as the tree already, also can become piece cultivate or Gu establish reachs sloping field at lawn, all can form certain landscape. [progenitive] give priority to in order to sow breed, in those days autumn sowing sprouts rate is higher, seedling gives birth to side branch easily, should seasonable plastics clip, in order to maintain good dry look, spring grow appropriate to follow case along with grow, new tip of heel in live through the winter suffers freeze injury easily and survival rate is low. [other utility] treatment is easy, do not be able to bear or endure corrupt, easy warp, adhesive bonding, chromatic, paint all good. Lumber color pledges in vain soft, can make furniture and match lever wait. Still can make walnut stock. The leaf is poisonous, be used as medicine, can kill insect, contain sali(责任编辑：花卉网) |